Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. We cannot assess the sonographic features in real time due to the retrospective study design, thereby likely to omit some prominent information. 16:585–593. Copyright 2017 Informa PLC. In terms of halo, a thick, irregular and/or interrupted halo with or without satellite nodule(s) was more common for FTCs (57.1%). The lesions are usually encapsulated and show invasive growth.15 The diagnosis of FTC requires demonstration of capsular and/or vascular invasion. 4th ed. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid are usually diagnosed following fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of a dominant thyroid nodule. CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Preoperative sonographic features of follicular thyroid carcinoma predict biological behavior: a retrospective study. Differentiation of widely invasive and minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma with sonography. Get PDF Abstract. It can be hypothesized that these calcifications are secondary to tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, or both (namely dystrophic calcifications) which are more common in FTCs, whereas micro-calcifications in PTCs are deemed to originate from the psammoma bodies.30,31 In addition, rim calcifications may be a valuable feature of FTCs and 6 of 8 rim calcifications were found in FTCs in our study, although rim or eggshell calcification of thyroid nodules has always been suggested as a sign of benignancy. A follicular adenoma is a benign encapsulated tumor of the thyroid gland. In: Fletcher CDM. Frates MC, Benson CB, Charboneau JW, et al. Zhang JZ,Hu B, Sonographic features of thyroid follicular carcinoma in comparison with thyroid follicular adenoma. Invasion must occur in vessels within or beyond the tumor capsule.15 FTC is subclassified into three groups: (1) minimally invasive (capsular invasion only), (2) encapsulated angioinvasive, (3) widely invasive.15. And an interrupted halo and satellite nodule(s) with or without halo ring were specific sonographic features for FTCs. The relative risk of malignancy was assessed by logistic regression analysis.Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that a thick, irregular and/or interrupted halo with or without satellite nodule(s), hypoechoic or marked hypoechoic echogenicity, a predominantly solid pattern, cluster of grapes sign, micro-or macro-calcifications, rim calcifications correlated with significant increases in relative risk for FTCs (odds ratio 11.48 (1.37– 96.56), 6.74 (1.05– 43.30), 17.51 (1.78– 172.53), 9.55 (1.44– 63.46), 9.36 (1.25– 70.15) and 17.45 (1.04– 292.65), respectively, p< 0.05). Fifty patients (25 men and 25 women; median age, 59.5 years) with a diagnosis of follicular carcinoma (27 with classic follicular carcinoma, 22 with Hürthle-cell variant of follicular carcinoma, and one insu - lar variant) in a 6-year period were included. 2020;43(1):339–346. Paramo JC, Mesko T. Age, tumor size, and in-office ultrasonography are predictive parameters of malignancy in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. True adenoma: Benign neoplasm of thyroid glandular epithelium with fibrous encapsulation. Keywords: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), follicular adenoma (FA), ultrasound, TI-RADS category, Shear wave speed. Transverse sonogram shows obvious cluster of grapes sign and the thick and hypoechoic fibrous band (arrow). 2020;39(3):257–265. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8613311373556; +8613581937501Fax +8601055499255Email [email protected]; [email protected]Purpose: Differentiation between follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs) is difficult and the sonographic features of FTC are not yet fully established. Liu et al26 and Lai et al27 drew the identical conclusion that lobulated or irregular margin was the significant feature on ultrasound for FTCs. The accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound to predict thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. doi:10.1148/radiol.2473070944, 30. doi:10.3233/CH-190750 Figure 2 Follicular thyroid carcinoma of the left thyroid in a 66-year-old male. Thyroid adenoma usually presents as a solitary thyroid nodule. Its pathological structure is likely to be the fibrous capsule of tumor. A mode image of FTC halo was built up in our study. The differentiation between FTC and FTA is very difficult, because FTC has similar cytological features to FTA and its diagnosis requires the histologic demonstration of capsular or vascular invasion. However, despite its utility, it has certain limitations, particularly when it comes to follicular lesions [2]. Most of the time it is not possible for a pathologist to tell the difference between these conditions when examining tissue removed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). 2016;278(3):917–924. It was suggested that when follicular neoplasms with a predominantly solid pattern were diagnosed as FTCs, the sensitivity and NPV were the highest (89.3% and 87.5%, respectively), yet the specificity (39.6%) and PPV (43.9%) were lower. When solid, the nodules are poorly encapsulated, not well defined and merge into the surrounding tissue. doi:10.4158/EP.14.4.447, 35. 2007;8(3):192–197. •  Top, © Copyright 2021  •  Dove Press Ltd   Mixed growth pattern can be observed in follicular carcinoma. Figure 8 The correlation between echo intensity and tumor growth patterns. The typical thyroid adenoma is solitary, spherical and encapsulated lesion that is well demarcated from the surrounding parenchyma. Follicular adenoma – Follicular adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) type of thyroid tumour. Medical charts and US images of follicular thyroid neoplasms were collected prospectively. Cancer Cytopathol. Marked fibrosis and stromal hyalinization. Norris JJ, Farci F. Follicular Adenoma. Adenoma, Follicular; Adenomas, Follicular; Follicular Adenoma; Follicular Adenomas: SNOMED CT: Follicular adenoma (55021007) Recent clinical studies. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. Follicular adenoma (FA) and Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA) Adenomatous nodule: Focal adenomatous hyperplasia with incomplete capsule; cold nodule. The predictive value of irregular shape is recognized in non-FTCs, but its value in FTCs is unclear and not yet explored. Vascular invasion is invasion into veins, no matter the vessel size. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0338, 5. doi:10.1007/s12022-013-9271-x, 4. 33:221–227. Capsular vessel with … ultrasound (introduction) neck and thyroid ultrasound. Volume 2021:13 Pages 3991—4002, Editor who approved publication: Background: Among benign thyroid nodules, nodular hyperplasia (NH) is the most common and represents a “leave me alone” lesion with no requirement for further treatment, while follicular adenoma (FA) is a lesion that should potentially be removed due to the difficulty of differentiation from a carcinoma on a biopsy alone. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.02.464, 34. 2008;14(4):447–451. Thyroid follicular neoplasms: can sonography distinguish between adenomas and carcinomas? Regarding irregular shape, it was categorized as other shapes except for round to oval; taller than wide; local irregularity of margin. However, when a biopsy specimen of a thyroid nodule reveals a follicular neoplasm, approximately 80–90% of such lesions will be adenomas and 10–20% will be carcinomas.5–7 Moreover, ultrasonographic features of thyroid cancer have been reported, including solid, hypoechoic, irregular or micro-lobulated margin, taller than wide shape and microcalcifications with sensitivity of 26–87% and specificity of 53–93%,8,9 but these ultrasonographic features are representative of papillary carcinomas.10–13 Therefore, the purpose of our study is to explore the sonographic features of FTCs and the value of sonography in differentiating FTC from FTA. 2020;75(3):291–301. Liu X, Medici M, Kwong N, et al. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, et al. What is more, hyaline degeneration can arise in tumor capsule, especially in FTC capsule. •  Recommend this site We also retain data in relation to our visitors and registered users for internal purposes and for sharing information with our business partners. Conventional ultrasound characteristics, TI-RADS category and shear wave speed measurement between follicular adenoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma. High cellularity can be observed in the tumor of invasion into the capsule (H and E, × 40). Our conclusion was also consistent with the studies of Zhang et al19 and Solbiati et al20. High-frequency sonography could present dynamic and high-resolution sonograms of thyroid nodules. In this retrospective study, we propose new gray-scale ultrasonographic (US) features that may help to differentiate FTC from FA. 2020;128(4):250–259. Independent risk factors for FTCs identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis were as follows: a thick, irregular and/or interrupted halo with or without satellite nodule(s) (OR: 11.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–96.56, p=0.025), hypoechoic or marked hypoechoic echogenicity (OR: 6.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–43.30, p=0.044), a predominantly solid pattern (OR: 17.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.78–172.53, p=0.014), cluster of grapes sign (OR: 9.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–63.46, p=0.02), micro- or macro-calcifications (OR: 9.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–70.15, p=0.03), rim calcifications (OR: 17.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–292.65, p=0.047). In order to provide our website visitors and registered users with a service tailored to their individual preferences we use cookies to analyse visitor traffic and personalise content. On ultrasound examination, follicular adenoma is typically seen as a solid, homogeneous mass that may be hyperechoic, isoechoic, or hypoechoic as compared with the surrounding thyroid tissue (Fig. Ultrasound Q. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Thyroid. Open access peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals. Bulk reprints for the pharmaceutical industry. J Ultrasound Med. Tubercle-in-nodule (p < 0.01) and calcification (p < 0.001) were independent factors in the differentiation of FTC in multivariate analysis (area under the curve = 0.689). Figure 1 The thick, irregular and/or interrupted halo ring with or without satellite nodule(s) due to tumor invasion of capsule. 2013;60(3):375–382. Sugino K, Ito K, Nagahama M, et al. Our study had many limitations. FTA, follicular thyroid adenoma; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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