Displacement of the index finger is positive - Surprise/Release Test - This manoeuvre is variously described but essentially is the fmal component of the apprehension and relocation tests. The patient attempts to raise the arm upwards while the examiner resists this movement. (Free PDF Lesson Guide Included!) (Kibler, Arthroscopy, 1995) - Posterior Slide Test - Luddington's Test - hands on top of head & push down - Curtain's Test (Martin Holt) - opening curtain with arm in 90 deg abduction - Kibler's grind test - LaFosse AERS Test - Ab duction Supination External Rotation - SLAPprehension Test  - Original Article - Feagin Test - Biceps Load Test 1   - Biceps Load Test 2 - Original Article - "Crank Test"  - performed with the patient lying and elevating the shoulder with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. - Compression test - GIRD - Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (Burkhart) - post capsular tightness, - Push-Pull Test - The patient is supine and the arm held at the wrist with the shoulder at 90 degrees abduction and neutral rotation. If there is pain this can be a sign of postero-superior cuff weakness. A sulcus is defined as a depression greater than a finger breadth between the lateral acromion and the head of the humerus 2). The most common mechanism for PCL injury is posterior translation at 90 degrees of knee flexion. A positive test consists of pain or weakness on resisting downward pressure on the arms or an inability to perform the tests. If the patient has to make compensatory motions or is able to place one hand behind the neck only with assistance this may indicate a rotator cuff tear. - Burkhead's Thumbs down & Burkhead's Thumbs up (Many thanks to Nicholas Ansell) -  These are two alternative tests that can be used to test the integrity of the rotator cuff out of the painful arc. The Shoulder and the Overhead Athlete), - see Impingement Presentation - video of Impingement examination tests -  Neer Sign - pain with passive abd. Examination of the shoulder should include inspection, palpation, evaluation of range of motion and provocative testing. Tibia and femur are well approximated. (Schlechter JA, Summa S, Rubin BD. Reprint, Malabar, Florida : Krieger, 1965.) Extension: 45-60 degrees. This test obviously needs to be used with other instability and impingement tests to confirm diagnosis but it is a good rehab indicator for where the primary focus should be. If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. - Duga Sign - where a LHB lesion is present the patient will not be able to touch the contralateral shoulder - Beru Sign - displacement of LHB can be palpated below the ant. Places hand on opposite shoulder, moves elbow to forehead - (+)intensifies & localized pain - Codman Sign - tests passive motion of shoulder. Please  contact us if you find inaccuracies below. Manual Therapy 2001;6(1):15–26. Phys Sports Med 1981) - Cross chest Adduction (Scarf / Forced Adduction Test) - the 90 degrees flexed arm on the affected side is forcibly adducted across the chest. - Sulcus Sign at 90 degrees - Inferior Apprehension Test - The examiner supports the 90 degree abducted arm with one hand. Technique. - Thompson and Kopell Horizontal Flexion Test - Standing Pt. Also it can become clear if you look at the tan’s graph, it goes on increasing at 90 and -90 degrees. A sulcus is defined as a depression greater than a fingerbreadth between the lateral acromion and the head of the humerus.[2]. Test rationale: if there are any bony abnormalities, the affected side should have a duller sound than the normal side. - Olecranon-manubrium percussion test - Patient position: seated or standing with elbows flexed at 90°. Although it is reproducible, it has been shown to have little diagnostic benefit (Lewis & Valentine, 2007). Sensitivity = 95.7%, specificity = 96.8% (from Wolf et al. Pain worse on pronation indicates a SLAP tear. - Forced Adduction Test on Hanging Arm - the examiner grasps the affected arm with one hand whilst the other hand rests on the patients opposite shoulder. A. Codman:The Shoulder: Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon and Other Lesions in or about the Subacromial Bursa. - Kinetic Medial Rotation Test - used to differentiate to help determine whether symptoms are primarily impingement or instability. Also, many different tests have been described by the same person. Examiner immobilisers scapula with one arm whilst the other grasps the arm and pulls it anteriorly. In Andrews JR, Willk KE (eds): The Athlete's Shoulder. Measure to which vertebrae thumb can reach - Jobes Supraspinatus test (also called ' Empy can test ') - Dawburn's sign - The pain is worse when lowering the arm from overhead - Sherry Party sign (Roger Emery) - Codman's Sign (Drop Arm Sign)  - A sign seen in the absence of rotator cuff function or when there is a rupture of the supraspinatus tendon: the arm can be passively abducted without pain, but when support of the arm is removed and the deltoid contracts suddenly, the pain produced causes the patient to hunch the shoulder and lower the arm.(E. (Note is 3/3 are positive and the patient is greater than 60 years old the +LR increases to 28) The examiner instructs the patient to abduct both arms in the coronal plane. The Sulcus Test is used to assess the glenohumeral joint for inferior instability, due to laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament. acromion and humeral head. - Paxinos Test - The examiner's hand is placed superior to the ipsilateral mid-clavicle. abd & 90deg. Assessment of scapular position is based on the derived difference measurement of bilateral scapular distances. - Gagey's Hyperabduction Test - Sulcus Sign at 0 Degrees - Sulcus Sign at 90 degrees - Inferior Apprehension Test - The examiner supports the 90 degree abducted arm with one hand. Find 90 degree angle stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. This is often enough to maximally translate the patient's humeral head posteriorly. In the position of 45 degrees of hip flexion and 90 degrees of knee flexion, gravity places a force on the tibia that pulls the tibia posteriorly, but is blocked by an intact PCL. The Sulcus sign is an orthopedic evaluation test for glenohumeral instability of the shoulder. - Mazion Shoulder Maneuver - -Pt. JSES 2001 ) - Zero Degree Abduction Test - Patient standing with arms by their side. Observation is made of the amount of "sulcus" (space between the acromion process and humeral head) that is present with the distal arm pull. Re-engage barrier and repeat. The examiner standing in front of the patient while passively moving the affected upper extremity into flexion and maximal internal rotation with the elbow flexed at 90°. The examiner places the other hand on the proximal humerus and while pulling with the arm holding the patient's wrist, the examiner pushes with the arm on the proximal humerus. Manual Therapy 2001;6(1):15–26.). Next the shoulder is brought back from horizontal adduction while maintaining posterior force on the humerus at the elow. At 0 degrees:1. Confirmatory findings: the patient is unable to maintain the position, the wrist flexes or lag occurs and the hand is lifted off the abdomen. This can cause confusion. The interpretation of a sulcus sign being pathologic should be reserved for examination grades of 2+ or greater. (Davies et al. This is an interactive guide to help you find relevant patient information for your shoulder problem. Position: supine with knees flexed at ∼90 degrees; Procedure. (from Krishnan, Hawkins & Adams. [1], The test is considered positive when a sulcus sign is seen when the examiner applies a downward force applied at the elbow while the arm in neutral rotation and resting at the patient's side. The examiner supports the patient’s elbow while the other hand brings the arm into maximal internal rotation placing the palm of the hand on the abdomen. Sulcus CaseBank is a collection of in-depth cases, practice exams and review topics focusing on the medical subspecialties of Radiology. The elbow should be flexed 90 degrees. Diagnostic Accuracy: Unknown. - Leffert Test - Examiner displaces the humeral head anteriorly holding the humeral head over the shoulder with the thumb posteriorly and index finger anteriorly. The examiner measures the final belly-press angle of the wrist with a goniometer. 1173185. - Posterior Load and Shift - Posterior Drawer Test - Gerber-Ganz Posterior Drawer Test- same as anterior drawer except with posterior force. 2010) - Pectoralis Minor Length Test - used to assess shoulder protraction due to pec minor shortening. Performing Geometry Rotations: Your Complete Guide The following step-by-step guide will show you how to perform geometry rotations of figures 90, 180, 270, and 360 degrees clockwise and counterclockwise and the definition of geometry rotations in math! This eliminates the impingement mid-arc pain in patients with dynamic / secondary impingement and indicates scapula rehabilitation exercises are required (Rabin et al. The examner pronates the forearm while maintaining steady position of the humerus. The assessor places one finger on the coracoid process and one on the humeral head. Grasp the distal humerus at the elbow and support the arm with the shoulder abducted 90 degrees and externally rotated 60 to 80 degrees. The symbol for two perpendicular lines is a horizontal line with another line drawn perpendicular to it. A click associated with pain makes the test positive. (from Krishnan, Hawkins & Adams. Palpation of a supraspinatus tear through the deltoid. Seated, passive abduction, external rotation and lowering of arm, Dr. Palpates long head tendon-(+)a palpable click indicates dislocation of biceps tendon - Transverse Humeral Ligament Test - Pt. The Shoulder and the Overhead Athlete). The Final Degree: Poised for Change. The examiner places the stethoscope bell over the manubrium and percusses each olecranon process. - Dynamic Relocation Test - Dynamic Rotatory Stability Test - Bony Apprehension Test - identical to the standard apprehension test except that the arm is brought to only 45 of abduction and 45 of external rotation. I give my consent to Physiopedia to be in touch with me via email using the information I have provided in this form for the purpose of news, updates and marketing. Test rationale: peel-back phenomenon of the superior labrum. Forward flexion: 150-180 degrees. Read more, © Physiopedia 2021 | Physiopedia is a registered charity in the UK, no. - Palm Sign and Finger Sign Test - Patient demonstrates their pain in two ways: with palm of opposite hand over acromion (= subacromial or GHJ pain), or with opposite finger over ACJ (= ACJ pathology), - Dugas - Pt. A positive test is pain at the top of the shoulder. technique. Phys Ther. The deep sulcus sign on a supine chest radiograph raises suspicion of a pneumothorax.. On a supine plain chest film (common in intensive care units or as part of a trauma radiograph series), it may be the only suggestion of a pneumothorax because air collects anteriorly and basally, within the non-dependent portions of the pleural space, as opposed to the apex when the … - The Supine Flexion Resistance Test - Original Article, - Clunk 1 Test - Clunk 2 Test - Dynamic Shear (Mayo) Test, - Sulcus with shoulder in external rotation (?test name). - Anterior Apprehension - Jobe Relocation  (Fulcrum Test) - Original Article - Rowe Test - Pt. The patient is then asked to rapidly bring the hand up to the chin as the examiner resists the motion with the examiner’s hand on the patient’s fist. (Odom et al. Bilateral sacral extension Diagnostic findings. The sulcus angle is formed by the trochlear opening of the knee, measuring the angle between the medial and lateral facets. The test is positive if it reproduces the patients symptoms. Tan90 is undefined because its value is infinite (tan90=sin90/cos90=1/0) Anything divided by 0 gives the infinite value. Seated, Dr. palpates painful subacromial bursa, & passively abducts arm-(+). CSS showed 62.5% sensitivity, 60.87% specificity, 52.63% PPV and 70% NPV for differentiation of NPH and non-NPH groups. This mechanism is similar to the McMurray test for a torn meniscus in the knee. 54 A pathologic sulcus (2+ or greater) at 0 degrees of abduction that persists on externally rotating the humerus is highly suggestive of an RTC interval lesion. - Bear-Hug Test - for subscap - arm across chest holding opp. The asked to flex elbow against resistance. 4. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1489–94). The subject lies supine with 90deg humeral abduction (hand to the ceiling with the humerus in the plane of the scapula). If both fingers move forward then there is a combined impingement and instability risk. Am J Sports Med, 1999) - The Resisted Supination External Rotation Test - Original Article - The Passive Compression Test - Original Article - Patient position: lateral decubitus position with affected side up. A sulcus is defined as a depression greater than a fingerbreadth between the lateral acromion and the head of the humerus. The examiner then applies an inferior and posterior force on the humeral head during the painful phase, which relieves the impingement pain. Examiner places on hand on top of affected shoulder and other hand on point of elbow. In so doing, a subluxation of the humeral head is provoked and it is accompanied with a jerk recognised by the patient as his instability. Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder. in scapula plane, shoulder internally rotated - video - Neer Test - injection test. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:484–7). Seated, Pt. Test rationale: the subscapularis muscle acts as a strong internal rotator and this test evaluates the integrity of the musculotendinous unit. Classically described in axial x-rays of the knee performed at 30-45º of flexion (skyline view), it is valuable in both CT and MR studies. Confirmatory findings: elevation of the scapula or shoulder girdle in order to achieve 90° of abduction. 54 Massive cuff tear: - Hornblower's sign - an inability to externally rotate the elevated arm; demonstrates severe infraspinatus and teres minor weakness. The examiner stands on the affected side of the patient and instructs the patient to bring the elbow forward and straighten the wrist. Full Disclaimer, (Comerford MJ, Mottram SL. The examiner then applies an inferior force to the distal arm. With excessive inferior translation, a depression occurs just below the acromion.The appearance of this sulcus is a positive sign. Pt asked to resist this force. is supine and arm abducted over edge of couch. Burkhead's thumbs down: the examiner places the patient's arm to approximately 60-80 degrees of forward elevation in the scapula plane out of the painful arc and then pronates the forearm so that the thumb is facing downwards. Confirmatory findings: pain or weakness or inability to perform the test. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008;466:2813–19). - Yergasons Test - Upper Cut Test - performed with the shoulder in neutral position and the forearm supinated and with the patient making a fist. Also, some of the descriptions or names below might be incorrect. Arthroscopy 2009;25:1374–9). If the humeral finger moves before 70deg then there is displacing axis of rotation of the humeral head and an instability risk. - Kibler's Corkscrew test - for core instability, SLAP Lesions - O'Brien's Test - Anterior Slide Test (Kibler)   - Pt sitting with hands on hips and thumbs pointing posteriorly. Sulcus angle (knee) Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Edgar Lorente et al. Confirmatory findings: pain or a painful click in the glenohumeral joint. supine with shoulder in 90 deg. glenohumeral joint capsule; ligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint especially the superior glenohumeral ligament and the coracohumeral ligament - Traction Test - passive extension of the shoulder with the elbow extended and forearm pronated causes pain in the anterior deltoid region along LHB - Compression Test - Passive elevation of the arm to the end of ROM with continued application of posterior pressure produces pain as a result of compression of LHB betw. - Jerk Test - Fukuda Test - Elicits a passive posterior drawer sign. VIDEO (Kibler et al, AJSM, 2009) - Speed's Test - resisted flexion with straight arm forward 90 degrees and externally rotated. - video   [from Silliman JF, Hawkins RJ: Clinical Examination of the Shoulder Complex. Boston : Privately printed, 1934. - Impingement Relief Test - the patient abducts arm through full motion five times and indicates painful arc. Please leave your comments or questions.. Involved Structures. Relax for 5 seconds. If the patient has anterior shoulder pain or a painful click over the shoulder during the maneuver, the test is consid- ered positive. Do not block the metatarsal heads. - Scapular Retraction Test - setting the scapular in a retracted position improves the supraspinatus strength, optimising a weakened cuff and giving a truer idea of supraspinatus power. (from Krishnan, Hawkins & Adams. The modified version of this test measures between side differences in the belly-press angle unlike the original belly press test. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. Seated & instructed to place hand on opposite shoulder and touch elbow to chest - (+)pain & inablility to perform indicates dislocation - Calloways - -measure girth of affected shoulder & compare to unaffected -(+)increased girth indicates dislocation - Bryants Sign - look for lowering of axillary fold - (+)dislocation on low side, - Anterior Load and Shift (laxity test) - - Anterior Drawer Test   ( Gerber-Ganz Anterior Drawer Test) - Pt. Images. -Shoulder IR <53 deg at 90 deg abduction (-) Neer Test-Not taking medications for shoulder pain-Symptoms < 90 days 2 positive: Sn .9, Sp .61, +LR 2.3 3 positive: Sn .51, Sp .9, +LR 5.3 4 positive: Sn .27, Sp 1.0, +LR infinite Cluster for Rotator Cuff Pathology (Park et al, 2005): (+) Painful Arc Sign (+) Drop-Arm Sign (+) Infraspinatus MMT The material on this website is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between ourselves and our patients. The test is considered positive when a sulcus sign is seen when the examiner applies a downward force applied at the elbow while the arm in neutral rotation and resting at the patient's side. External Rotation Lag Sign. - Military Brace Test (Roos Test) - Brachial Plexus Stretch Test - SC Joint stress test - Scapula Pinch / Retraction Test (for scapula stability) - Pt sitting and maximally retracting scapula. lat dorsi and try pull arm away (Burkhart & De Beer) A study by Pennock et al. executes a throwing motion against the examiners resistance. If pain disappears with increasing abduction this indicates bursitis - Coracoid Impingement Test - pain directly over coracoid with arm passively adducted across chest (distingiush from ACJ scarf test) - Internal Rotation Resistance Strength Test (IRRST)  - The subject is asked to maximally resist first external rotation and then internal rotation with the arm in 90 abduction and 80 ER. Many similar tests have been described by different people and given different names. The examiner pushes against the patient's elbows. On releasing the forearm a positive test is recorded when the patient's forearm drops back to 0 of external rotation, despite the patient's efforts to maintain external rotation. - Posterior Apprehension test - arm adducted and flexed. Formation of a biceps 'ball' shows a LHB rupture. This is a situation that requires a judgment call. Contracts & relaxes biceps while Dr. feels for tendons-(+)rupture of long heads if Dr. is unable to feel tendon - Abbot-Saunders - Pt. Provide the evidence for this technique here. The examiner stands with thumb resting on scapula spine and fingers over front of humeral head exerting a posterior force. The subject is asked to actively medially rotate the humerus. If you have a description, reference or even a test not listed here, please contact us . The cluster for a full thickness rotator cuff tear includes 1. the Drop-arm sign, 2. the painful arc sign, and 3. infraspinatus manual muscle test. II. - Anterior/Posterior AC Shear Test -Pt. Sulcus sign. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010;18:1712–17). So far, I have tried to collect as many of the tests I can find and list them here. Astrologer Richard Swatton reminded me that, according to traditional bounds and dignities by term, the malefics rule the final degrees of all the signs. Confirmatory findings: a decrease in pitch or the intensity of the affected side. (Bushnell BD, Creighton RA, Herring MM. This is accomplished in a relaxed patient at the anterolateral border of the acromion. With excessive inferior translation, a depression occurs just below the acromion. then asked to supinate & pronate the forearm. Pressure is applied by the thumb in an anterosuperior direction and inferiorly with the index-middle finger to the midshaft of the clavicle. Arthroscopy 2008;24:974–82). Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). Pain over the front of the shoulder or a click is positive. Patient sits with knees flexed at 90 degrees. An axial load is applied while the arm is rotated internally and externally and circumducted. Examiner stands behind patient and stabilises scapula with one hand, whilst other hand holds patient's arm and moves arm in every direction. (Bartsch M, Greiner S, Haas NP, et al. Driver is up to date. - Scapular Assistance Test - the examiner assists the scapula with their hand to elevate as the patient elevates their arm. In addition, a tho… If half of the anterior capsular shelf is gone, and your posterior capsule is gone, the sulcus may not be a stable location. When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. Numerous clinical tests described for shoulder examination. bends forward slightly with the arm relaxed.The examiner move the arm slightly inferior and anterior by pulling on the forearm - Throwing Test - Pt. - Lateral Scapula Slide Test (LSST) - to determine scapular position with the arm abducted 0, 45, and 90 degrees in the coronal plane. Seated, passive abduction of arm with elbow extended, shoulder is then internally rotated & externally rotated, Dr. palpates bicipital groove.-(+)If Dr. feels tendon snap in & out of groove, indicates torn transverse humeral ligament - Snap Test - test for subluxation of LHB. (from Krishnan, Hawkins & Adams. The patient attempts to raise the arm upwards while the examiner resists this movement. - Ludington's Test - Pt. Confirmatory findings: belly-press angle difference of 10° between affected and unaffected side. Proximal migration of the humerus aggravates the displacement of the unstable labrum and passively displaces the superior labrum. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Test rationale: the author’s did not provide an explanation as to why this test mechanically differs from the original Jobe test. moves the 90 degree abducted arm across the body into maximum horizontal flexion. (courtesy of Jo Gibson, specialist shoulder therapist, Liverpool) - Dynamic Anterior Jerk Test - The test combines of a compression force and a translation force, applied along the arm between the humeral head and the glenoid cavity. Tzannes, A., Murrell, G. (2002). That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. Palpate area between tibial plateau and femur. Patient Position. Sulcus sign is an orthopedic evaluation test to assess the glenohumeral joint instability of the shoulder, due to laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament 1). Seated & places both hands behind head with interlocked fingers, pt. Position the patient’s foot at 90 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion and place the curved portion of the Sulcus Stick™ positioned in the SULCUS of the patient’s foot. A positive test is considered for multidirectional instability if 1-2 cm of "sulcus" is noted. From this position a valgus stress is applied and a positive response is signified by pain at the shoulder. 2006) - Shoulder Symptom Modification Procedure (SSMP) (Jeremy Lewis, 2009) - A series of four clinical tests to guide management - see here, - video of rotator cuff tests 1. The examiner instructs the patient to abduct their affected shoulder to 90° in the coronal plane with the elbow flexed to 90° and the shoulder internally rotated so that the fingers point inferiorly and the thumbs medially. If there is pain this can be a sign of impingement due to antero-superior cuff weakness. Ask patient to push knees against equal resistance for 3–5 seconds. Reisted abduction causing pain or weakness suggests a rotator cuff tear. We review key elements of the history and physical examination and describe maneuvers that can be used to reach an appropriate diagnosis. - Dugas Test - the seated patient touches the opposite shoulder with the hand - AC Distraction (Bad cop) Test - place the arm in maximal internal rotation and apply slight pressure upward. (Kim YS, Kim JM, Ha KY, et al. - O'Driscoll's SLAP Test - Shoulder is placed in the extreme abducted and externally rotated position. Monitor lumbosacral junction and hyperflex knees. Both must be present: Right and left shallow sacral sulcus The examiner holds the patient's forearm in this position, instructs the patient to "maintain this position when he lets go of the forearm." https://www.verywellhealth.com/shoulder-instability-2549804 Pt. deltoid when biceps is contracted. The Shoulder and the Overhead Athlete), -  Painful Jerk Sign Test - Kim Test   (provided courtesy of Mohamed AbdAlla, Egypt), -  Coracoid Impingement Sign - performed with the patient standing with the shoulder abducted 90 degrees with horizontal adduction in the coronal plane and maximally internally rotated (the tennis "follow through" position). (Bartsch M, Greiner S, Haas NP, et al. If there is pain on the Hawkin's test, Jobe's test can be difficult to differentiate if the weakness observed is due to true supraspinatus weakness or an inability to maintain the position because of pain. (Mimori et al. Family physicians need to understand diagnostic and treatment strategies for common causes of shoulder pain. Examiner then applies a forward and superior force on the elbow. 2001) - Coracoid Pain Test, for frozen shoulder - pain elicited by pressure on the coracoid (Carbone. - The Dropping Sign (Walch) - With a seated patient the shoulder is placed in 0 of abduction, and 45 of external rotation with the elbow flexed to 90. Hence its value is undefined at 90°. (AJSM, 2011) showed that there was no difference in the isolation in the subscapularis between these 3 tests for subscap, however it is not known whether different parts of subscap are activated more or less with each test. Pain over the back of the scapula indicates possible suprascapular nerve entrapment (same as Scarf test). Supraspinatus: - Apley's Scratch Test - Reach over shoulder to "scratch" between scapula. (from Krishnan, Hawkins & Adams. Anterior subluxation may occur. So far I have found 130 . A CA of 68 degrees had 48.49% sensitivity, 76.09% specificity, 59.26% PPV 67.31% NPV and DESH score of 4 had 93.75% sensitivity, 41.30% specificity, 52.63% PPV and 90.48% NPV for differentiation between NPH and non-NPH groups. At the limit of range the examiner suddenly removes the posteriorly directed force from the relocation test and again a feeling of apprehension is considered a positive test. Normally space is minimal. I am using an Asus T100HA with the Teams application for meetings. sitting, examiner cups both hands with one over scapula and one over clavicle and then squeezes. The measured angle is equal to π/2 radians or 90°. The patient is asked to keep the wrist straight and actively maintain this position of internal rotation as the examiner releases the wrist (maintaining elbow support). with the pateint's elbow in 90 degrees flexion, the arm at the side and internally rotated 45 degrees, external rotation strength can be checked against resistance by the examiner . (Adams SL, Yarnold PR, Mathews JJt. As the shoulder approaches normal a cluck may herald reduction of the subluxed shoulder, which is a positive test. A user’s guide to performance of the best shoulder physical examination tests. Reassess. 2006, Shoulder Symptom Modification Procedure (SSMP), Comparison of the Hornblowers and Dropping Sign, The Shoulder Symptom Modification Procedure (SSMP). The passive distraction test may be used for ruling in a SLAP lesion while the passive compression test may be used for both ruling in and ruling out a SLAP lesion. 32(7):447-57. The examiner standing behind patient, stabilising the affected shoulder by holding the AC joint with one hand and the elbow with the other. Place the thumb of your other hand in the axilla on the anterior inferior humeral head with your fingers on the posterior aspect of the humeral head. https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Inferior_Sulcus_Test&oldid=266046. Legs hanging freely over edge of exam table. With the arm straight and relaxed to the side of the patient, the elbow is grasped and traction is applied in an inferior direction. abd and elbow in 90deg flexion. - Hawkin's-Kennedy Test - video - Empty can/ full can test - video - Copeland Impingement Test - passive abduction pain eliminated with shoulder in external rotation - video - Horizontal Impingement test - Hawkins in 90deg abduction & no flexion - Dawburn's Test  - Pt.

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